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OneShot
07-10-2005, 01:24 PM
This was originally written by The Bellman (incl. photos)

SONAR VISUAL AID KIT FOR NEW DIVERS.

INTRODUCTION.
When I learnt to swim I jumped right in and never needed water wings. But after years of flight simming, spoilt with semi-automatic everything from radar to HSI, when I came to diving with SC, I struggled at first to master the manual sonar. Initialy I was going nowhere fast.Back to the drawing board to start again. I really needed some mechanical aids, like water-wings,to get me going and gain the confidence to swim. So I assembled my own. You have to learn manual sonar, free of auto assistance for much MP gameing. It can be a very steep learning curve stretching the diving newcomer to breaking point.
Given a high density contact environment, and the need to avoid civilian kills, manual is not easy. Many divers become discouraged and may leave highly competitive fleet situations, never realising their potential. Many given the right environment and support would have gone on to be leading players. I hope in a small way that this kit and its procedures will encourage and support many new DW divers to progress in the early learning stages. Repayment, in kind, for the friendly support given to me by some quite remarkable individuals.
I propose introducing the 'system' in three parts, namely :-

PART 1. SETTING UP THE KIT.
PART 2. PROCEDURES.
PART 3. PRACTICAL TRAINING EXERCISE SCENARIO/S.

PART ONE.

THE KIT.
SA has given us few drawing aids so I gathered together my own basic learning kit to help in filtering, categorising and plotting sonar contacts. (Radar, Periscope, ESM and active sonar lie outside this brief and are relatively more straightforward) It is not expensive to get up.
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/ASSEMBLING.jpg

VISUAL AIDS.
We need a visual aid plotter and a progress chart. Luckily we have the 'dry wipe and cork combo board' available at leading stationers for about 10 Euro. Size 60 x 40 cm. Get a pack of the larger (1.25cm head) Coloured Push Pins and a couple of coloured dry markers**. You are going to plot on the cork section and keep your progress chart on the other area.
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/BOARD.jpg

PLOTTER.
We place and glue a 360 degree protractor to the center of the cork area. I dont like the plastic ones in the shops for two reasons - the bearings dont show well in low light conditions and the orientation of the bearing digits gives you neck ache. Instead I used a CD which I inscribe on the play side (sic) with the 16 main bearings written verticaly and inked over with indelible.This shows up well and iis easy to read and judge intermediate bearings. Glue it in the center of the cork area.

KEY.
Create your own key at a convenient position. List the different sonar contact types and assign a different colour pin to each. I had Sphere, TA., Merged, Stable, NoBB *, Classified and Target. (* NoBB for NB contacts that have no matching BB contact.) I dont want to get too paltroony here, but I liked white for TA - seemed suitable for ghost track sorting. Insufficient colours - use small coloured carboard squares for the sphere contacts and butterfly pin them with the TA pins for the 'merged.' But more about the process later.
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/KEY.jpg

WAA.
Seawolf divers may find it helpful to draw a couple of circles on the cork at increasing diameters from the CD to provide, by approximate pin placement, a rough guide to WAA range.
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/PLOTTER.jpg

THE BAT.
Or blind area tracker. Believe me its all too easy to forget or miscalculate the sphere and TA baffled or blind spot arcs. And where is your opponent ? - you got it ! So if it helps you, lets make a BAT. Sounds like a recipe, but kebab the following on a 2 inch flat headed nail. First cut and fit a 2 inch appx.cardboard disk then carefully push on a kids plastic pie chart. Usualy a bit smaller than the CD.,it has a center bar. Top off with a finger protecting, turning knob. Mark a course arrow on the pie chart and use indelible ink to mark out the blind areas. 60 degrees at the prow and stern for TA and sphere. You will find your BAT sits in the CD hole neatly. Finaly - watch out for that nail head - stick a rubber on it. (Whoops thats an Eraser) As you progress, later if you need anything, a Helix Angle Measure may be enough.
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/BAT.jpg

BOOMERANG THE BAT.
Now if you need further reminders, to check the blind (Baffled) areas and as an aid to selecting the specific bearing arcs, try this. Cut out a couple of pieces of clear plastic in a boomerang shaped arcs matching the 60 deg. blind cones to fit snugly against the CD circumference. Each will have a different coloured drawing pin through the center. Before you turn your sub, pin these to the blind prow and stern areas. Yes I know - soon enough you wont need such 'water-wings'
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/BOOMERANG.jpg

PROGRESS CHART.
Cut an A3 sheet to size and draw your chart. Then cover it with clear plastic and pin it to the 'dry marker' area. Its a matter of choice whether to use dry wipe **or Staedtler nonpermanent soluble markers. I like the latter's F, fine size. Lay out the chart, with vertical headings of Tracker, Reference, Bearing, Merged. WAA (SW)TPK and Classification. Continue with Frequencies (5 subdivisions), and the Filters of Nobb, Stable and Target. I have an area right at the top of the chart for reminders like Layer, SSP, conversion factors etc. Then draw plenty of horizontal columns for your contact progress. This worksheet will live on with you beyond pinning.(See Spreadsheet) Finaly place the board horizontaly alongside your keyboard, cork East. Mine sat wedged
on the top drawer of my desk. Stopwatch and calculator, optional, but handy. Now you are ready to go !

CONCLUSION.
Here you have a basic sonar aid kit. A prop - 'water-wings' to get you started. Remember this that SAS drill calls for pre-mission briefings with mini-maps often crudely drawn in the sand. Car manufacturers stick gear plans next to the lever. Basic Visual Aids ? Yes I know its a long time since we saw the SAS wearing water-wings. In PART 2 we will look at the procedures which will help us to learn some basic techniques.

OneShot
07-10-2005, 01:26 PM
PART 2 PROCEDURES.
Read the progress report below together with the Scenario as a demonstration of basic plotting and classification techniques in manual sonar using the visual aid kit and progress chart.

INTRODUCTION.
The procedure outlined below will demonstrate:-

1.PROGRESS CHART.
Use of the Progress Chart to log contacts, show action taken, classify and filter. a). In a dense contact environment we must be able to select and focus only on that which is essential to our purpose. We filter all contacts sidelining all that is not relevant. Pan for gold. What is relevant is mission (or ROE) specific; for example in this scenario we are tasked to find a Russian submarine. b). In addition to this prime objective as we must assess any neutral or friendly platform which could be at risk if we have to engage the sub. That is also very relevant. Our aim is to build-up a picture and transfer the relevant information to the NAV map.

2.VISUAL AID PLOTTER.
We shall demonstrate the conversion of the SW linear display to an Akula-like one. You will rank pins on the plotter to :-
a). Establish SPH and TA contacts. Attempt classification.
b). Merging - merge above, where able, to form a Master contact = truth.
c). Stabilize - establish the real TA contact eliminate the ghost.
d). NOBB - Track, monitor, classify and ultimately assign BB tracker.
e). Classify neutrals, and relevant Targets and Civilians/Friendlies at risk

3. POINTERS.
a).Watch out for platform with lower frequency NB lines that match those of subs., like fishing boats (Civilian Mini-sub., Trafalgar UK, Harushio Japan etc.)
b). Examine closely NB freq. lines. Do they mask something below or behind ?

4.SIMPLIFICATIONS
Certain simplifications and assumptions have been made to aid instruction :-
a). The Seawolf is the platform of choice here because the TA is its prime sonar tool and the use of it is not intuitive.
b). You are fully familiar with the location, purpose and procedures of all sonar stations. That all auto assistance except TMA is off and Truth is off.
c). We shall use the Demon only, in this scenario, as an aid to classification.

SCENARIO – SVAK ( SONAR VISUAL AID KIT DIVE)

KIT SPECIFIC TERMS
CHART - Make an entry on the Progress Chart.
PIN - Place a pin on the bearing radius of the Plotter.
RANK - Add further pin/s to the radius of the Plotter.*
NOBB - A contact in NB which has no matching BB contact (Yet!)
BAT - Bind Area Tracker – A turn calculator showing the baffles at current heading
BOOMERANG - Marks the current baffled areas – a reminder to check after turning.

PREPARATION.
If you have not already done so, set your monitor display properties so that you can clearly see the NB contact in the ' Monitor Check' display (A bmp. Attached to the Tacman download docs) See SubGuru.

BRIEFING.
You are allocated a Seawolf on an ASW mission. You must locate and track a Russian submarine transiting the area 39-45N 012-21E and 39-06N 013-16E. ROE. - You must not initiate any preliminary launch procedures nor utilize a UUV - all of which may be interpreted as hostile intent. (Stay out of Fire Control)

START the simulation.
(Note my reported bearings are from a test run - yours will be close and remember that over time bearings drift - so you must approximate)

NAV - Center on your SW and zoom in. Check surrounding depths ensuring safe depth under keel will persist.

CONTROL -Stream the Starboard TA. Charge your air.
NAV - Plot the search area. Note your position is at the southernmost reaches of the search area, so will filter here before looking more northerly.
SONAR- Check SSP PC it and the layer. Launch probe to check (Return later)
NB - SPH indicates 2 contacts
CHART- Bearing 112 Class Oiler Bearing. 291 Class Freighter.
BB - SPH Both contacts present - assign trackers Both have WAA ranges so RL.
CHART – Tracker/Reference no./Bearing./WAA/ Tick RL box. Finaly enter the
platform details under Classify.
PIN - Place blue markers for both SPH brgs. RANK Green Class. pins
BB - Switch to TA - both contacts show on the same SPH brgs. - allocate trackers.
CHART - Under Merge enter new TA Refs.
PIN - Place 'Merged'
NOTE - a new contact/s has shown in BB TA (baffled by SPH) Brg 203 or 154 Go to NB – its a Cruise Ship. But which is the real contact and which ghost -
A turn will clarify and establish the STABLE contact, but meantime -
CHART- 203/154 Cruise Ship Put a ? in 'STABLE' (If it helps PIN TA bearings) Remember in other scenarios you may come under fire – at any point when you lift-off you should be able to regain situational control asap.

PLAN TURN
PURPOSE- a). Check TA baffled area (Blind area) b). Stabilize(as above)
c).Improve TMA (not here) d). Throw hostiles TMA
PRE-TURN a.) Pin 'Boomerangs' to Plotter showing SPH & TA baffled areas.
b). Check you wont baffle any contacts - Use the BAT. My preference is for
a 60 deg. initial turn to fully checkout the TA baffle.
c) Select a speed of 12 knots (avoiding washout here) When speed achieved

EXECUTE TURN - Dial-in 060 ( Timing - the bearing will be reached in mins. 1-20s But the TA will take until 3 mins. to straighten. An increase to 19 kn would reduce time to turn by 34% without loss of data) You will have plenty of time so - NAV -Enter in your classifications of the Oiler and Freighter. Then go to Sonar - BB -Wait for the TA to start turning and watch 203/154 - 205 stays put - its STABLE. When TA straight - assign tracker and note WAA. And RL. (Rapid Locator) CHART- Enter all details. Tracker, Contact ref. WAA range and Tick RL.
PINS - Yellow STABLE and a green CLASS.
NB - Now lets examine closely the TAs baffled area (Boomeranged) 330 - 030 deg Three contacts show (at present) 05/115 is the Oiler but you have 2 new contacts - 350/129 - Freqs. 50khz, 125 khz You get a Preliminary.'Class'. - Fishing Boat ? 17/104 -'Class' Car Carrier (Harpers shows ?) Baseline 60 khz. - Not Russian !
BB- There is a contact here only for17/104 There is none for 350/129 - it is a NOBB !
You need a turn to Stabilize 17/104
CHART - Both contacts information and highlight the 'NOBB' section.(? in Red ink) (PIN all if you need a memory jogger)

PLAN TURN
Use the BAT to pick a course aiming to close distance North - Is it a fishing Boat ?
TURN - Order 300 deg.to close ( Baffling Freighter which is no problem as it is
heading NW) Boomerang the baffled areas.
NAV - Bring everything up to date.
NB – During the turn you need to monitor the NOBB for theStable contact -
(see TimmyG00's Tacman for the technique) and keep an eye on 17/104.
Result - 347 and 17 are the stable contacts.
BB - Assign tracker to 17 (No WAA shown – a range clue !)
CHART - Enter all under Classes.( rub out 104 and 129) Tick 'Stable'
Enter the 17 Freqsuencies and a place a FB (Fishing Boat) ? Under 'Class'
PIN -17- Blue pin NOBB and RANK a yellow 'Stable' pin Also place a green
Class pin for the apparent Harpers Ferry (Car Carrier) 347 – Place a white TA pin and RANK a yellow Stable pin ( Do not Class - as you're not sure – is it a FB ( ?)
NB - You have been continuously monitoring all bearings of NB havent you ? (LOL)
Well now is your chance ! You are looking for a Russian sub so lets set a low
frequency line at 50 khz . Choose the 300 range as its quicker/easier to set.
Now take your time to scan very slowly. Can you find it ? At 23/217 fighting the 60 khz CarC./ HF line is a very faint 50 khz contact.
BB - Check it out - no BB contact shows - NOBB So now you have two POSSUBS !!
CHART - NOBB the 50 freq. Contact Highlight 'NOBB.' Place a ? in CLASS. (FB?)
TURN
Use BAT to assess. Set a 60 degree course (Need to close and avoid baffling)
Boomerang.(Monitor NB see below) -
AND DIVE
If either are of these contacts are subs - are they on the same side of the layer ? Set a dive level of 60 ft below layer. (Result - no change)
NB Monitor 23/217 for Stable - and its 23. CHART – Result .
PIN – A white TA pin Rank blue NOBB and yellow Stable pins.

FILTER
You now have 2 Possubs at 23 and 347 (FB ?) Also a 'Relevant' Harpers
(Car Carrier) that may be vulnerable. (RELEVANT !)
BB - As you close keep trying to assign trackers to the NOBBs. With 15 -there is no joy
but soon 347 assigns. Eureka ! There is still no sound in the headphones ?
BUT NOW WE HAVE DEMON.
USNI - Fishing boat 4 blades- TPK 25. Russian subs. Have 6 or 7 blades TPKs 7 or 10 DEMON - Select the ref for 023 and select a Freq. Setting of 120. Demon shows 4 blades with bright strong returns offset well from the left margin of the display. You are looking for fainter sub returns closer spaced and nearer the left margin – possibly the full 6 or 7 but more likely, at higher distances, 5 or less. You can conclude that this is a fishing boat.
CHART- Place a ? in WAA. Classify as FB. Remove NOBB. Put a ? in Target.
PIN - Place/rank a Classification pin on the plotter (green)
Now you have a rank for this target of white, blue, yellow and green pins -
PIN HISTORY
http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/PIN_HISTORY.jpg

FOCUS.
Only one NOBB at 023 deg remains a POSSUB - is this our target ?
The only way we can find out is to close. Now I leave you to do this -
a). Increase speed and choose a heading carefully with BAT
b). Slow now and again, update your sonar/TMA and monitor ITA for Possub turns.
c). Calculate the distance before you turn to clear the TA baffle.(Is he closing too ?)
d). TIP - You may need to get within 9 nm to classify this contact. Are there others ?

CONCLUSION
I hope that this scenario and the progress and plotting techniques help you to grasp an overall picture of what you are trying to achieve in manual sonar.

Acknowledgement.- I am most grateful to Molon Labe for vetting these procedures (Bellman)

OneShot
07-10-2005, 01:35 PM
P.S. : I've put in those texts in haste, but I will revisit this ASAP to make it neater and of course include the links to the whole package with the images and stuff. The original thread will be deleted.

The files can also be found at : http://www.knm.org.pl/sonar/

The Bellman
07-11-2005, 01:36 AM
Thanks OneShot for taking up some of your valuable weekend home time to float this. :biggrin: :biggrin: :biggrin:

The Bellman
07-11-2005, 04:42 AM
In the meantime if anyone wants the whole kit package, or part/s of it, contact me on bellmansc@mailup.net :smile:

OneShot
07-16-2005, 03:23 AM
UPDATE :

File Links

- sonar_progress_chart_a.pdf (http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/sonar_progress_chart_a.pdf)
- Sonar_Visual_Aid_Kit_Part_1.pdf (http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/Sonar_Visual_Aid_Kit_Part_1.pdf)
- Sonar_Visual_Aid_Kit_Part_2.pdf (http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/Sonar_Visual_Aid_Kit_Part_2.pdf)
- Sonar_Visual_Aid_Kit_Part_3_Scenario.mu (http://www.orionwarrior.com/files/bellman/Sonar_Visual_Aid_Kit_Part_3_Scenario.mu)

P.S. : TheBellman did send in a revised Part 2 for his SVAK which is on the server, however the thread does not yet reflect those changes. I wont be able to make em within the next two weeks, but I wont forget em. Best suggestion is you download the files and if needed the images.

The Bellman
07-16-2005, 04:38 AM
:biggrin:

OneShot - thanks again. Back Friday and you sort-it first thing Saturday - that is seriously impressive. :eek:

In the meantime, if anyone wants the photo 'Pin History' refered to in Part 2 just PM me for a copy. :smile:

The Bellman
08-30-2005, 11:30 PM
:eek: The Scenario download is screwed - the file is 'open' and cant be downloaded.

OneShot
09-01-2005, 04:16 PM
Right Click on the Link and select "Save As" ...

The Bellman
09-01-2005, 05:43 PM
:rolleyes::eek::redface::tongue::biggrin:......... .......................err...............did I get that one wrong ?

Yes siree .....................................very wrong.***

Sorry ( and thanks) OneShot.

PS.*** I think its called having a blind spot....................BAFFLE - thats where I came in.:biggrin: